The Makran is the location of ancient civilizations and one of the most important tsunamigenic zones in the world. Historical and instrumental records indicate the occurrence of large earthquakes on the main Makran fault and the resulting tsunamis but the accuracy of a number of these has been questioned. Geological and tectonics studies alone cannot confirm the occurrence of paleo-tsunamis. Archaeological data showing the collapse of the ancient civilizations along with geological records of paleo-tsunami can be of great help to have a better understanding this phenomenon in the future. The interaction of geology and archaeology can lead to a re-reading of the history of tsunamis which have influenced coastal civilizations, so provide a better estimate of the occurrence of tsunamis and their catastrophe in the future. Thus, to assess the environmental causes for the collapse of the ancient civilizations in the Makran shoreline, it is necessary to support geoarchaeological studies.

Our knowledge about the global tectonic activity is revealed from the study of earthquakes focal mechanisms, specially major earthquakes.Usually, focal mechanism of earthquakes demonstrates the earth motion in crustal seismogen layers and one of these methods is the first polarity motion of P wave. The investigation of 37 earthquakes focal mechanisms in Makran, indicates that the compressive force along the Makran subduction zone (MSZ) is partitioned into pure dip slip along the MSZ and pure strike slip in transform zones. In this research in subduction zone shallow earthquakes have thrust mechanism and moderate to deep earthquakes show normal mechanism. The direction of pressure axes in this zone is influenced by collision zones in west and east and shows a rotation in stress vector from western to eastern Makran. Study of earthquake catalogues indicates that the depth of earthquakes from 27ON increases and they reach to 80km inside slab. Seismicity map and the a, b values show the low level of seismicity in subduction zone and concentration of activity in eastern, western and middle of Makran. The 28 fault plain solutions of earthquakes are given in the appendix.

In recent decades, the tourism industry has emerged as one of the most significant catalysts for economic growth and social development worldwide. Given its rich cultural and natural endowments, Iran possesses the potential to become a premier destination for halal tourism. Halal tourism appeals not only to Muslim travelers but also to those seeking a healthy and ethically oriented lifestyle. This study aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges of developing halal tourism in the Makran region, employing an applied, descriptive, and analytical research design. Data were gathered through simple random sampling and analyzed using factor analysis. The findings reveal that the current framework for halal tourism in Makran lacks the requisite efficiency. Widening gaps in legal, economic, social, environmental, and institutional domains pose significant barriers. Key challenges include inadequate infrastructure, insufficient training of human resources, poor resource management, and a lack of coordination among relevant institutions. Moreover, water scarcity and non-compliance with environmental conservation principles further impede the progress of halal tourism in the region. This research proposes that sustainable development of halal tourism in Makran can be achieved by enhancing infrastructure, improving human resource training, increasing transparency and accountability, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. Such an approach would not only drive economic growth in the region but also facilitate greater cultural and social exchange. Ultimately, adopting innovative tourism models and leveraging the region’s unique assets could enhance the efficacy of tourism management.

The study of seismic stress structure in subduction zones is done from two viewpoints: vector quantity study (purpose of the present study) and numerical quantity, which are important topics in seismology. The structural zone of Makran with the main structure Accretionary Wedge is a kind of incremental wedge that is located in the hangingwall of a shallow subduction zone. In this study, earthquakes from the Harvard University Seismic Catalog (CMT) were used with magnitudes equal to or greater than 5. The simultaneous inverse solving algorithm several earthquakes were used and the stress field for different zones was calculated by inversion method. Results of stress field analysis in Makran zone and Makran-Zagros transition zone, Show heterogeneous stress fields throughout the regions. Makran zone was divided into 9 separate units based on structural morphology and seismic clusters.Stress field for each zone calculated by the inversion method presented by Michel in Zmap software.The seismic activity of Makran zone and the border between Makran and Zagros zones show higher concentration in several areas, which is probably due to the complex behavior of faults and the interaction between fault systems in this area. Large volume of seismic activity On both sides of Makran and The place of conversion of the compressive mechanism of the faults (in the fold and thrust sections) to strike slip is concentrated.Another group of earthquakes occurred at the intersection of fault systems in the center of Makran and between Jazmourian and Mashkel depressions, which shows the structural complexity at the junction of Sistan suture with Makran thrust systems.